A Definition and Introduction to the Keiretsu System

A Definition and Introduction to the Keiretsu System In Japanese, the word keiretsu can beâ translated to mean gathering or framework, yet its pertinence in financial matters far outperforms this apparently straightforward interpretation. It has likewise been truly meant mean headless consolidate, which features the keiretsu frameworks history and relationship to past Japanese frameworks like that of the zaibatsu. In Japan and now all through the field of financial matters, the wordâ keiretsu alludes to a particular sort of business organization, coalition, or broadened venture. As it were, a keiretsu is a casual business gathering. A keiretsu has commonly been characterized practically speaking as aâ conglomeration of organizations related with cross-shareholdings which areâ formed around their own exchanging organizations or enormous banks. Butâ equity proprietorship is definitely not an essential for keiretsu development. Truth be told, a keiretsu can likewise be a business system of included producers, gracefully chain accomplices, wholesalers, and even lenders, who are on the whole monetarily free yet who work intently together to help and guarantee common achievement. Two Types of Keiretsu There are basically two sorts of keiretsus, which have beenâ described in English as flat and vertical keiretsus. A flat keiretsu, otherwise called a monetary keiretsu, is portrayed by the cross-shareholding connections shaped between firms which are revolved around a significant bank. The bank will give these organizations an assortment of budgetary administrations. A vertical keiretsu, then again, is known as a bounce style keiretsu or a modern keiretsu. Vertical keiretsus integrate in organization the providers, producers, and wholesaler of an industry. Why Form a Keiretsu? A keiretsu may provideâ a maker the capacity to frame steady, long haul business organizations which at last license the producer to stay lean and effective while concentrating essentially on its center business. The development of this kind of organization is a training that allows a huge keiretsu the ability to control a greater part, if not all, means in the financial chain in their industry or business area. Another point of keiretsu frameworks is the development of amazing corporate structure across related organizations. At the point when part firms of a keiretsu are related through cross-shareholdings, or, in other words that they own little segments of value in every others organizations, they remain to some degree protected from advertise variances, instability, and even business takeover endeavors. With the dependability gave by the keiretsu framework, firms can concentrate on proficiency, development, and long haul ventures. History of Keiretsu System in Japan In Japan, the keiretsu framework explicitly alludes to the system of business connections that emerged in post-World War II Japan after the fall of the family-claimed vertical restraining infrastructures that controlled a significant part of the economy known as zaibatsu. The keiretsu framework joined Japans large banks and huge firms when related organizations sorted out around a major bank (like Mitsui, Mitsubishi, and Sumitomo) and took responsibility for in each other and in the bank. Accordingly, those related organizations did predictable business with each other. While the keiretsu framework has had the prudence of keeping up long haul business connections and security in providers and clients in Japan, there are still pundits. For example, some contend that the keiretsu framework has the hindrance of responding gradually to outside occasions since the players are incompletely shielded from the outer market. More Research Resources Related to the Keiretsu System Japans keiretsu framework: the instance of the vehicle industryThe Japanese keiretsu framework: an experimental investigation

Discuss the role of marketing and the marketing department of tesco to Essay

Talk about the job of advertising and the showcasing division of tesco to illustarte the focuses you make - Essay Example showcasing office needs to either look for new domains or new items or, above all, make new interest inside a set up advertise. Inventive thoughts and governmental policy regarding minorities in society can create new interest in any event, for existing items. Activities like buyer advance plans in relationship with banks, limits, motivators, blessing plans, constrained time offers and focused on advancement are the strong point of showcasing offices. In this way promoting assumes a urgent job in any association. The celebrated four Ps (item value bundling advancement) along with conveyance and administration structure the devices of a promoting office. For effective showcasing, it is important to comprehend the client inclinations for items, appropriation coordinations and qualities of rivalry. Client inclinations rely on value, bundling and advancement. In every one of these issues, the showcasing division has a crucial job as it goes about as the correspondence connect between the customers’ inclinations and the organization. It likewise continually screens merchant/retailer action, their data sources with respect to clients criticism on item quality, cost and appeal. While these exercises cause the showcasing office to remain alert constantly, there is the ever-present danger of more up to date items and more up to date players entering the market, removing clients from one viewpoint and the requests of the executives for improved execution on the other. Inside the dispensed financ ial plan, promoting office needs to keep up the current piece of the pie and take activities for gathering new clients or entering new domains. These exercises structure the ‘challenging role’ for any showcasing office. ‘Customer is the king’ is the advertising mantra and the productivity with which he is adjusted will decide an organisation’s achievement or disappointment. offering an essential item with varieties in highlights, quality and bundling so as to support diverse client sections. Clearly, this is complicatedly identified with

It Is Not the Power but Fear of Loosing

â€Å"It isn't power that defiles however dread. Dread of losing power defiles the individuals who employ it and dread of scourge of intensity ruins the individuals who are liable to it†. (Aung San Suu Kyi’s discourse on Freedom from Fear) â€Å"Power has just a single obligation â€to secure the social government assistance of the people† Disraeli Benjamin. Be that as it may, the fact of the matter is to some degree unique. History has driven us to ends where people with great influence commanded over the more fragile ones and utilized their incomparability to do improper actions.Keeping such perspectives viable, the standard that power, the position to run over and impact a gathering, will in general degenerate a person as force carries an individual closer to his wants and awards him irrefutable power. What is of more importance in defiling an individual is the dread of losing the force, the impact that one holds since dread removes the capacity to separate among good and bad which brings about impropriety of actions.Humans act near the hypothesis of advantage, and are inspired without anyone else interests without thinking about the estimations of their activities. Consequently, clearly when one accomplishes power, the individual is pulled in towards material necessities since being in power brings an individual, closer to the satisfaction of his wants. The impact of being amazing permits individuals to control the conditions to suit their own needs. It is essential to identify with William Jefferson in this situation. W.Jefferson is a previous American congressman who has been remembered for CREW’S report 2006 (Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington (CREW) is aâ nonprofit 501(c)(3) organizationâ that portrays itself as â€Å"dedicated to advancing morals and responsibility in government and open life by focusing on government authorities †paying little mind to party connection †who penance the bene fit of all to unique interests) similar to a degenerate lawmaker. Jefferson has been charged for engaging in accomplishing monetary advantages through illicit means.For case, Jefferson took kickbacks from various firms in return, acquainted the firm with Congressmen and different business authorities and utilized his impact as an individual from congress to help those organizations in their corporate objectives. The pay off got was utilized to back Jefferson privately-run company. Notwithstanding, individuals from the congress as Jefferson may fear the time command since they are named for a clear timeframe after which they probably won't stay in power.Such a dread makes a person to consider would the individual have enough with themselves once they don't hold capacity to carry on with a decent life. Hence, an individual dependent on the idea of advantage, would attempt to make however much riches as could reasonably be expected inside the time range, keeping in thought that once ou t of influence, the chance to aggregate riches would not, at this point be accessible. The word â€Å"power† is frequently deciphered as far as an individual, having obvious power. The individual who holds force may not be responsible to anybody and subsequently may appreciate supremacy.Such individual makes a clique of character and along these lines win themselves, good titles to additionally overstate their impact. Inside this idea of matchless quality and irrefutable position, people watch out for waiver towards the way of defilement so as to keep up their impact. There are incalculable models where pioneers, for example, Stalin have been condemned for executing a huge number of guiltless individuals and seeking after different activities that in no way, shape or form legitimize themselves. Stalin administered as a tyrant, with supreme power.Was it the undeniable position acting behind the offenses of Stalin? What is significant here to consider is the power acting behind Stalin, the power which students of history titled as frailty? Individuals had begun to scrutinize his position and demonstrated analysis towards his five years plan that was created to upgrade monetary potential. Further, individuals from his own gathering began to reprimand Stalin’s administration. Thinking about the rising restrictions, Stalin passed a law which exacted a capital punishment on any individual who was found plotting against the government.This law was only the start of the extraordinary cleanses that Stalin later completed to make sure about his position. The cleanses incorporate the preliminary of sixteen, preliminary of seventeen and preliminary of twenty one and the regular component of every one of these preliminaries was the execution of the considerable number of individuals who were ascending against Stalin. The power of the feelings of dread he had created turned clear with the death of Sergei Kirov. Sergei Kirov used to be a nearby supporter of Sta lin and Stalin treated Kirov as his son.However, when Kirov would not fit in with Stalin’s authority, he was wiped out similarly as all the others before him. Afterward, a constitution, which strengthened his political position, was passed that was to forestall uprisings later on. Despite the fact that this permitted Stalin to recapture his political quality yet that came to the detriment of monetary destruction, debilitated armed force and loss of various lives. Along these lines, what is by all accounts the results of irrefutable expert as a general rule escapes dread that created in Stalin to counter his restrictions to strengthen his incomparability. To go under siege†¦. was the unavoidable destiny of power† Frank Herbert, Dune Messiah. Be that as it may, when one apprehensions of losing the power and impact, such individuals are not any more worried of profound quality of their conduct, and the entirety of their activities are coordinated towards making sure a bout the definitive spot. Dread is a solid power which exists in nature of the living being. It can and produces interchange social marvel in the mankind as well as across different realms; specific sorts of female snake would eat their own eggs due to the dread of an attack.Lizards remove their own tails when a predator assaults to occupy it while it get away. These qualities have been depicted by researchers as attributes presenting a bit of leeway and permitting them to endure. Man, nature’s most developed item, clearly has a comparable in-assembled endurance sense which has empowered it to rule nature’s scene since it appeared particularly with its upgraded and complex social capacity. Envision a circumstance wherein a gathering of individuals is enduring an onslaught. Would they hurt or slaughter the gatecrashers or would they be pleasant to them? NO.They would assault the interlopers to ensure their capacity and authority even to the detriment of unethical behavi or found in their activities. This is really bolstered by the occurrences that happened in Musharraf’s system. The early long stretches of his standard saw serenity as far as peace of the nation. Be that as it may, what turned into the defining moment of his system was the dread, he created when the conditions betrayed him and his administration went under danger after the Lal Mosque episode. His activities were not any more limited by established laws and what made a difference to him was the support of power.The illicit statement of boss equity of Pakistan and assaults on legal executive in which a few protestors were tormented, challenge for administration while as yet holding the status of armed force boss in 2007 and assault on a channel’s headoffice are instances of occurrences where, to look after force, a pioneer as Musharraf didn't remain concern whether his activities were defended or not. Aside from this, dread can bring about substitute conduct marvel as re ferenced before in the content. This may bring about a total distinctive reaction to a circumstance by a person under certain circumstances.The verifiable occasion that occurred in Egypt not long before the introduction of Moses is an exhibit of a similar wonder. The pharaoh of Egypt dreaded losing his capacity on account of the developing number of Israelites. His feelings of trepidation disturbed when a gathering of cosmologists educated the pharaoh that a male Israelite youngster would bear who might toss the pharaoh’s realm. Keeping in thought the man centric social orders that have endured for long, pharaoh requested all the new brought into the world male youngsters to be killed. This was unquestionably not normal.In social orders, for example, Egypt, where male ruled each circle of life and where they were positioned far above ladies, it was the dread of losing his capacity that made the pharaoh demonstration even against the shows of the Egyptian culture. Correspondin g to the content, it is clear that debasement doesn't fan out of intensity itself. Or maybe it is the dread, the idea of losing the prevalence and magnetism that one has created after some time, which drives an individual towards outlandish intends to ensure and keep up his authority.The battle to keep up power out of the dread of losing it has prompted grievous ramifications for the humankind throughout the years. What compelling individuals need to consider currently is that however a ton of harm has been done, the time has come to solidify. Tolerating the transitory idea of intensity and doing the doled out obligations that the definitive position support one with would permit the mankind to be ensured against sick outcomes. Work Cited â€Å"Benjamin Disraeli and the Two Nation Divide. †Ã‚ The Victorian Web: An Overview. Web. 14 Mar. 2012. http://www. victorianweb. organization/creators/disraeli/diniejko3. tml Pakistan Weekly. â€Å"Musharraf Trial. †Ã‚ Project. Web . 14 Mar. 2012. http://musharraftrial. net/Ariela Pelaia. â€Å"The Passover (Pesach)A Story. †Ã‚ About. com Judaism. Web. 9 Mar. 2012. http://judaism. about. com/od/occasions/a/The-Passover-Pesach-Story. htm â€Å"Stalin's Russia. †Ã‚ ThinkQuest. Prophet Foundation. Web. 11 Mar. 2012. <http://library. thinkquest. organization/C0112205/stalinsrussia. html>. John Simkin†The Great Purge. †Ã‚ Spartacus Educational. Web. 11 Mar. 2012. <http://www. spartacus. schoolnet. co. uk/RUSpurge. htm>. Dr. Lawrence Britt†A Fourteen Defining Characteristics Of Fascism.  A Fourteen Definin

TOURISM INCENTIVE GOOD OR BAD INITIATIVE IN TOURISM INDUSTRY - Free Essay Example

TOURISM INCENTIVE: GOOD OR BAD INITIATIVE IN TOURISM INDUSTRY ABSTRACT Tourism industry is sixth largest contributor to the national revenue. The industry is geared by various key players. Many factor affecting the increased demand and successful operation of tourism industry. The factors are wide coverage of promotion, better public and tourist-related services and grant of funds and incentives. Is there any subsidies involve; as subsidies sometimes may result to an inappropriate end. In addition, does the funds and incentives given is the main pulling factors of increased revenue in tourism industry. Thus, the paper will explore the good and the bad side, if any, of the funding and incentives initiative in tourism industry. The discussing also covers the implementation of the incentive and the achievement of it. Keywords: tourism industry, funds and incentives, tourism promotion. ABSTRAK Industri pelancongan merupakan penyumbang terbesar keenam kepada pendapatan negara. Industri ini digerakkan oleh pelbagai pihak secara langsung dan tidak langsung. Banyak faktor yang mempengaruhi peningkatan permintaan dan kejayaan operasi industri pelancongan. Antara faktor-faktor tersebut adalah liputan promosi yang meluas, penyediaan perkhidmatan awam dan perkhidmatan berkaitan pelancongan yang lebih baik dan pemberian dana dan insentif. Adakah terdapat apa-apa dana dan insentif yang melibatkan pemberian subsidi, kerana kadang kala ia boleh mengakibatkan kesan luar jangka yang berlainan dan tidak dikehendaki. Walau bagaimanapun, adakah dana dan insentif yang diberikan adalah faktor utama menarik peningkatan pendapatan dalam industri pelancongan. Oleh itu, kertas itu akan meneroka kesan baik dan buruk, jika ada, pembiayaan dan inisiatif insentif dalam industri pelancongan. Perbincangan juga meliputi pelaksanaan insentif dan pencapaian dalam pelaksanaan insentif yang terlibat. Kata kunci: pelancongan, dana dan insentif, promosi pelancongan. INTRODUCTION Malaysiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s planning towards Vision 2020 is a noble intention to be a developed nation as well as high-income nation. As such, Malaysia had undergone several transformation and reformation in policy and way forward. The planning gradually changes from agricul tural centric to industrial centric. From small scale to a larger high-end scale. All these effort done to gain better revenue for the country, to provide better living and achieving high-income nation in the near future. There are several means and sources of nation revenue in order to gain rapid economic growth. One of the sources is from tourism industry. Tourism industry plays a vital role for the economic development and economic growth. Therefore, a special and dedicated ministry and organizations have been established to work on the tourism industry. Different organization tackles different elements and parts of the tourism industry. Some organization provides facilities while the other provides services such as promotion. On the hand, government usually provides funds and incentives as well as promotion of the tourism industry. Legal framework also provided and put in place in order to control and manage the tourism industry. The effectiveness of the role by the player s is a must. Public awareness and promotion must be handled properly and runs as wide as possible; nationally and internationally. Thus, the objective of this paper is to look into the implementation of incentive programs by the agencies; government and non-government organization. The paper try to examine whether there is adverse impact, side impact or bad impact through the implementation of the incentive program. References have been made to several materials from articles, journals and websites to gain information on the subject matter. TOURISM INCENTIVE PROGRAMS AND FUNDS INITIATIVES There are several incentive and funds provided by the government to the tourism industry player. Such incentives have been introduced to promote the tourism industry. In fact, there is a special act enacted to promote investment including tourism sector. One of it, Promotion and Investment Act 1986, hotel businesses and tourism related activities are eligible for pioneer status or investme nt tax allowance to promote the sector[1]. Tax incentive have been define as provisions in the tax legislation that give privileges treatment to specific industries and activities considered crucial for development[2]. The investment tax allowance as stated above is given for establishment of medium and low cost hotels, tourist projects, conventions centres and recreational campus. In addition, it includes the expansion of existing hotels and the modernisation of tourist projects. Such projects are very important to promote tourism industry to local inbound and outbound tourist. Furthermore, this allowance does not end there. The hotels which have been granted with these status can further apply and eligible for Industrial Building Allowances (IBA)[3]. The hotels operator or owner will be given 2% annual allowance on the capital expenditure on the construction or purchase of a building used in the hotel business. There are also incentives for reinvestment in hotel. This inc entive is above and over the investment tax allowance which have been discussed earlier. This is another round of allowance. All these allowance incentive; pioneer status, investment tax allowance and incentive for reinvestment, are available upon application to be submitted to Malaysia Investment Development Authority (MIDA) and applicable until 2016[4]. Besides that, there are other incentives for the tourism industry. Income Tax Act 1967 provides incentives of exemption from tax as statutory income level. The exemption includes group and domestic tours. Companies which handled at least 500 foreign tourists a year will be exempted from tax. Same goes to domestic tour package with at least 1200 local tourist per year. However, this exemption tax incentive is only up to year 2006 only. These incentive falls under several government agencies in Malaysia. Malaysia External Trade Development Corporation (MATRADE), Malaysian Investment Development Authority (MIDA) and Ministry of Tourism and Culture (MOTAC) are several government agencies that involve directly in tourism industry. They provide the incentive in tourism sector to promote, upgrade and develop the industry. Hotel and tours operators are the main beneficiaries from the incentive and fund provided by the government. They can have double deduction for promoting tourism in overseas[5]. For example, they can benefit from double deduction of tax for expenditure on publicity and advertisement in any mass media outside Malaysia. Similarly, any expenditure on market research for new markets overseas may have benefited by the deduction too. These deductions incentive is given to acknowledge the promotion of Malaysian tourism outside Malaysia. Moreover, MOTAC also provide Tourism Infrastructure Funds. It is purposely initiated to assist tourism entrepreneurs to develop or expand the tourism-related projects development[6]. This program is a financing program to tourism project including acquisition o f land up to 40% maximum from the actual cost. This fund is eligible for projects in Malaysia for integrated and regional tourism centre, attractions, facilities and complexes. On the other hands, World Wildlife Fund (WWF) which is operating transnationally also provides fund for tourism industry. But, the fund is more on the nature protection purposes. The WWF is reported to assist hotels and destination for environment upgrading[7]. It is the objective of the organization to promote and protect the environmental be it flora or fauna. As such, there are a lot of incentive and funds provided in Malaysia for tourism industry. Only several of them are briefly discussed as per above writing. Other incentives are expected to be provided until the targets for tourism industry are fully achieved. INCENTIVE: ARE THERE ANY CONSs OVER PROs? Reviewing the incentive and funds provided above, it shows that the incentive had contributed to the increased revenue from the tourism secto r. The tourism sector revenue increased from year to year. In 2013, the tourism industry ranked as sixth largest contributor to the national economy[8]. It is 8.1% growth increased from 2012 foreign exchange earnings. This increment is partly resulted from the incentives programs and funds provided. It is also agreed by some scholars that hotel and other services are influenced by the tourism industry. A strong tourism industry and growth of the sector ensured rapid expansion of development of hotel[9]. Not only hotels are built, other ancillary services are also rapidly built up due to the rapid growth of the industry. However, does the implementation of the incentive and funds run smoothly? It is reported that 3648 new 4-5 star hotel have been built and completed in 2012 coming from the fund and incentive introduced by the government[10]. Despite the completed project, there are also hotel which still under construction which is expected to be delivered in early 2014. The go vernment believe in the successful of this program and looking forward to bring more 4-5 star hotels. In the implementation of the incentive, there is at least a dispute among the hotel operators. The dispute might be between the ministry or Inland Revenue Department. In Saujana Hotel Sdn Bhd v Ketua Pengarah Hasil Dalam Negeri[11], the eligibility of the allowance has been questioned. It is fact that the Saujana Hotel Sdn Bhd (Saujana Hotel) had applied for investment tax allowance and been granted. However, the application for industrial building allowance have been rejected or stopped after the expiration of five (5) years investment tax allowance. The court held that Promotion of Investment Act 1986 did not restrict time period as limitation imposed to investment tax allowance. Meanwhile, there are debates on the pioneer status incentive or also known as tax holiday in international arena. It is argued and critics that tax holiday incentive are one of least efficient and t he most costly[12]. This incentive is said to be unnecessary as the profitable projects would be pursued regardless of the incentives. The business in the tourism industry of hotel operators and building of it is a profitable one. Thus, the incentive is no more efficient to be out into the picture. CONCLUSION The initiative to provide incentives and funds program under tourism industry have developed the tourism industry in Malaysia. There are no forms of subsidies-like incentive as the literatures have been reviewed. The incentive program turn to be a good starting point to further upgrade the tourism sector and industry in order to achieved high income nations as well as developed nation. The incentive does give a handful help towards tourism player. Tourism business which is formed part and parcel of the tourism industry might benefited a lot from the steps taken. There are still a room for improvement. Destination branding is one of major part in packaging tourism for t he domestic and inbound outside tourists. There is research done to associate destination brand images to the business[13]. This association are rarely apprehend in Malaysia, or might been look into indirectly. We usually see that our tourism destination is not properly managed. The destination brand images should be one of the opportunities under the incentive program to sustain and maintain the tourism destination. Projects need to be relooked most probably every year to accommodate more tourists in the future. A mass use of the tourist destination surely need time to be regenerated and refresh to a new look. Currently, the incentive program is only focussing on the hotel and tour operators. It is high time that the incentive should be widen to cover the nature protection as well similar to the move by WWF side by side with the maintenance of the site. As environmental law and issue might grow stronger and louder, the steps to protect nature and the environment need to be gr anting some funds or incentives, especially from government agencies. Besides, the incentive towards low cost facilities should also been continued. It should not stop like the group tour operators because the incentive might be good for small and medium enterprises. The small companies need some pump-in to score goals in their business as the incentive given to bigger companies to erect 4-5 star hotels. Thus, it would be much appreciated if the incentive also covers the SMEs. Finally, the government and the private sectors need to work hand in hand and not only chasing the incentive but rather focussing to upgrade and develop the tourism industry in particular and the nation in a whole. REFERENCES Anne-Mette Hjalager , MCB University Press, Quality In Tourism Through The Empowerment Of Tourists, Managing Service Quality, Volume 11, Number 4, 2001, pp. 287-295 Brendan Williams, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, Fiscal Incentives And Urban Regeneration In Dublin 1986-2 005, Journal of Property Investment Finance, Vol. 24 No. 6, 2006, pp. 542-558. Graham Hankison, Journal of Service Marketing, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, Destination Brand Images: A Business Tourism Perpective, 19/1 (2005) 24-32. Lydia Thiagarajah, Jeyapalan Kasipillai, Malaysian Law Journal Articles [2012] 4 MLJ ixx, Malaysiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Tax Holiday Incentive: A Bouquet Or A Brickbat?, 2012. Saujana Hotel Sdn Bhd v Ketua Pengarah Hasil Dalam Negeri [2011] 9 MLJ 213 www.kpmg.com.my/kpmg/publications/tax/tm/chapter5.pdf www.matrade.gov.my, Hotel and Tour Operators. www.mida.gov.my, Incentive For Tourism Industry. www.motac.gov.my, Tourism Infrastructure Funds. www.pemandu.gov.my, ETP Annual Report 2012, page 127. www.tourism.gov.my, Media Release, 27 February 2014. [1] www.kpmg.com.my/kpmg/publications/tax/tm/chapter5.pdf [2] Lydia Thiagarajah, Jeyapalan Kasipillai, Malaysian Law Journal Articles [2012] 4 MLJ ixx, Malaysiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Tax Holiday Incentive: A bouquet or a brickbat?, 2012. [3] Supra, page 48. [4] Incentive For Tourism Industry (www.mida.gov.my) [5] Hotel and tour operators (www.matrade.gov.my) [6] Tourism Infrastructure Funds (www.motac.gov.my) [7] Anne-Mette Hjalager , MCB University Press, Quality In Tourism Through The Empowerment Of Tourists, Managing Service Quality, Volume 11, Number 4, 2001, pp. 287-295 [8] Media Release, 27 February 2014 (www.tourism.gov.my) [9] Brendan Williams, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, Fiscal Incentives And Urban Regeneration In Dublin 1986-2005, Journal of Property Investment Finance, Vol. 24 No. 6, 2006, pp. 542-558. [10] ETP Annual Report 2012, page 127 (www.pemandu.gov.my) [11] [2011] 9 MLJ 213 [12] Lydia Thiagarajah, Jeyapalan Kasipillai, Ma laysian Law Journal Articles, [2012] 4 MLJ ixx, Malaysiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Tax Holiday Incentive: A Bouquet Or A Brickbat?, 2012. [13] Graham Hankison, Journal of Service Marketing, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, Destination Brand Images: A Business Tourism Perpective, 19/1 (2005) 24-32.

Developing Knowledge of Phonology and Phonetic Sounds of Words

Developing Knowledge of Phonology and Phonetic Sounds of Words Brief description of the topic There are many factors that play an important role in the development of reading, writing, and literacy skills. One of these important factors is the development of knowledge of phonology and phonetic sounds of words, which is a topic that is chosen for this research paper. The knowledge of phonology and phonetic sounds of words primarily refers to the ability to understand the sound patterns that are related to the language that a child is exposed to. According to Stoel-Gammon (2011), developing knowledge of phonology and phonological development is mainly concerned with two basic components, i.e. a biologically based component that is related to the development of motor and speech skills required for pronunciation of words, and secondly, a cognitive linguistic component related to the learning of the phonological system of the language. It is the understanding of the various ways in which oral language can be manipulated and divided into smaller components. It also includes the understanding that it is phonemes or individual sounds that a word constitutes of and that these phonemes could be manipulated either by blending, segmenting, or changing individual phonemes in words for creating different words. Activities in class for enhancing instruction and their impact For enhancing the students’ skills in this area of phonological awareness and phonetic sounds of words, the activities that will be undertaken include teaching segmentation at different phonological levels, making them understand about phoneme deletion and substitution, and bringing awareness about letter-sound correspondence. For segmentation, activities would include teaching children how to segment sentences into words and then segmenting words into onsets, syllables and rimes would be considered. After children have learned removing the first sound of a word, they will also be taught how short words can be segmented into individual phonemes. Making them understand about phoneme deletion and substitution would require students to manipulate spoken words by deleting and substituting particular phonemes. For this purpose, a set of words would be selected and students would be asked to say those words without specific sounds or by substitution of some other sounds. In this way , deleting and substitution will be practiced in both ending and beginning sounds. Picture cards would be shown for further practicing and developing the knowledge of the students in this linguistic area, particularly for letter-sound correspondence. The above strategies and activities will make students familiar with phonology and phonetic sounds, which has been found out to facilitate word learning (Duff Hulme, 2012). Within the context of word recognition and development of spelling, the importance of knowledge of phonology and phonetic sounds is recognized (Gillon, 2012). Gillon (2012) has stated that there is a large body of research that has demonstrated the existence of a relationship between awareness of phonology and literacy development. Furthermore, the phonological awareness knowledge of a child is also identified as a major predictor in reading performance (Gillon, 2012). As a result of the research on the topic, developing knowledge of phonology and phonetic sound of words also brings better literacy outcomes (Carson et al., 2013). Hence, when the child is provided instruction in this area, he/she is able to give a better reading performance and in improved classroom performance. Ways in which the instruction reflects the Common Core State Standards in ELA Since the Common Core Standards in ELA asks students to read stories, literature, and complex texts that provide background knowledge and facts, the instruction will help students as it will enable them to read better. The instruction also reflects the Common Core Standards in ELA in the area of phonological awareness. In this area, it is expected that children demonstrate awareness and competence in blending and segmenting rimes and onsets, segmenting words into a sequence of individual sounds, adding or substituting sounds in words, knowing spelling-sound correspondence, etc. These areas are addressed in the instruction as segmenting at different phonological levels, making students understand about phoneme deletion and substitution, and bringing awareness about letter-sound correspondence is considered for enhancing instruction in this skill area. Ways in which the instruction helps in engaging and motivating students The instruction will help in engaging and motivating students by making use of colorful graphics and animations. Using multimedia resources, games, and graphics are good ways of keeping young learners engaged and motivated as it brings them fun and excitement (Habgood Ainsworth, 2011). Furthermore, when activities selected are developmentally appropriate, it facilitates in keeping the children engaged in the learning process, hence this will also be kept in consideration that the instruction and activities are planned according to the developmental stage of the learners. Providing a safe and supportive classroom environment in which the students are encouraged to learn and provided with opportunities for taking risks and responding openly to the activities that are initiated will also help in engaging and keeping learners motivated in the learning process. Ways in which technology can be incorporated for enhancing linguistic instruction In the current times, technology can be incorporated in many new ways for enhancing linguistic instruction. Northrop and Killeen (2013) suggest the use of iPads with relevant apps for building linguistic and literacy skills in the early years. Similarly, touch screen tablets and interactive whiteboards are also found out to be effective in engaging and motivating early learners and for enhancing linguistic instruction (Neumann Neumann, 2014). Children could play games that are designed to teach phonics and phonology in general or practice segmenting words, deleting and substituting, sound-letter correspondence etc. In this manner, the technology could facilitate the development of knowledge of phonology and phonetic sounds in an interesting and engaging way. Ways for providing for differentiation of instruction Differentiation of instruction is primarily concerned with the tailoring of instruction to meet the individual needs of different students in the classroom. When developing knowledge of phonology and phonetics, the diverse needs of students and their specific difficulties have to be taken into account when planning, teaching, and assessing them. Furthermore, the diverse backgrounds and the additional support that is required by learners also need to be identified and incorporated in the planning and teaching process. For example, there may be students with different learning styles, or students with reading difficulties or special needs or students learning English as a second language all within the same classroom. In such a scenario, for providing for such differences, the teacher could differentiate the process of teaching, content, products or resources, or the learning environment in order to cater to and provide to the needs of the different learners in the classroom (Watts-Taf fe et al., 2012). Conclusions/Reflections Phonology is a branch of linguistics, which is concerned mainly with the manner in which sounds organized and used in a language, while phonetics focuses on production of speech sounds. From the research carried out, knowledge of phonology and phonetic sounds of words is an important linguistic area for learners to develop. Research reveals that there exists a relationship between awareness of phonology and literacy development and literacy outcomes while this linguistic skill also has a significant impact on reading performance (Carson et al., 2012; Gillon, 2012). Given the importance of this linguistic skill, it is important for learners to be provided with sufficient opportunities in the classroom to develop in this area. Instruction that needs to be carried out should focus on areas that are reflected in Common Core Standards in ELA. These include segmentation at different phonological levels, making learners understand about phoneme deletion and substitution, and bringing awaren ess about letter-sound correspondence. All these are listed under phonological awareness and phonics and word recognition in the document. A teacher also needs to provide for differentiation of instruction since diversity is a key part of classrooms in the current times. In this regard, research reveals that the teacher could provide for differentiation by either differentiating the process of teaching, or content, or products or resources, or the learning environment in order to cater to and provide to the needs of the different learners in the classroom (Watts-Taffe et al., 2012). Students are also required to be motivated and engaged, and for this purpose, from research it was found out that there are many ways in which this can be done. However, using technology, playing games, and graphical illustrations are good ways of keeping young learners engaged and motivated as it brings them fun and excitement (Habgood Ainsworth, 2011). Touch screen tablets and interactive whiteboards are found out to be effective in this regard where learners could play games that are designed to teach phonics and phonology to them (Neuma nn Neumann, 2014).

Essay Analysis of Birches by Robert Frost - 824 Words

Analysis of Birches by Robert Frost In the poem Birches by Robert Frost, Frost portrays the images of a child growing to adulthood through the symbolism of aging birch trees. Through these images readers are able to see the reality of the real world compared to their carefree childhood. The image of life through tribulation is the main focal point of the poem and the second point of the poem is if one could revert back to the simpler times of childhood. The language of the poem is entirely arranged through images, although it contains some diction it lacks sound devices, metaphors, and similes compared to other published works by Frost. The first half of the poems’ images are of life, coming of age, and death. The first†¦show more content†¦The word loaded describes about the burden of being old compared to youthfulness just like the burden of the ice on the trees. Shattering and avalanching on the snow such heaps of broken glass to be swept away is a representation of the final stage in life and that is death. The shattering of the branches is like the death of a person and the sweeping away of the branches is like a funeral. Youd think the inner dome of heaven had fallen is the passing on of life into the after life. Also the shattering of the ice could represent renewed hope for the future because the burden has been lifted from the branches. â€Å"They are dragged to the withered bracken by the load, And they seem not to break; though once they are bowed is an image of someone who has aged but not passed on yet. So low for long, they never right themselves represents how they will never be able to relive their childhood. While the first half of the poem deals with the coming of age the second half of the poem deals with childhood and wanting to stay young for as long as possible. The first image of childhood by Frost is when Truth broke in With all her matter-of-fact about the ice storm, I should prefer to have some boy bend them. A boy bending the trees in stead of ice storm allows the tree to never age because they will always return to their original shape and never break by the burden of a load. This is further expressed By riding them down over and over again Until he tookShow MoreRelatedEssay on Analysis of Birches by Robert Frost811 Words   |  4 PagesIn the poem Birches by Robert Frost, Frost portrays the images of a child growing to adulthood through the symbolism of aging birch trees. Through these images readers are able to see the reality of the real world compared to there carefree childhood. The image of life through tribulation is the main focal point of the poem and the second point of the poem is if one could revert back to the simpler times of childhood. 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Charles Manson Methods To The Madness Essay Example For Students

Charles Manson: Methods To The Madness Essay On the morning of August 9, 1969, three LAPD officers arrived at 10050 CieloDrive (Bugliosi 7). The scene that awaited them was horrendous. In the driveway, in aparked car, the body of Steven Parent was found. He was shot four times and stabbedonce. Laying about eighteen or twenty feet past the front door of the house, VoytekFrykowski had been shot twice, beaten over the head with a blunt object thirteen times,and stabbed fifty-one times. Also discovered on the lawn was coffee heiress AbigailFolger, stabbed twenty-eight times. Inside the home, in the living room, were the bodiesof Jay Sebring and Sharon Tate. Sebring, a hair stylist, had been stabbed seven times andshot once, dying of exsanguination. Tate, who was eight months pregnant at the time ofher death, was stabbed sixteen times in the chest and back (Fillmer par. 2). The following evening, in a seemingly unrelated crime, Leno and RosemaryLaBianca were discovered in their home at 3301 Waverly Drive. Rosemary was foundface down in her bedroom, a lamp cord wound around her neck, in a pool of blood; shehad been stabbed forty-one times. Her husband, Leno, had a pillow case over his head, alamp cord tied around his neck, his hands tied behind his back with a leather thong, and anivory-handled, bi-tined carving fork in his stomach; he had been stabbed multiple times andhad the word ?WAR? carved in his flesh (Bugliosi 55-56). The murderers were members of a group led by Charles Manson called theManson Family. These people were completely controlled by Manson. He had themconvinced that they were the chosen ones and that they were only carrying out the ordersof a man they thought was Jesus Christ incarnate (Watson par. 3). They were willing torisk death and imprisonment to satisfy this man. Manson used borrowed ideas fromprosperous cults of the 1960s to achieve a complete control over his followers. In June of 1960, Charles Manson was sent to prison for forgery, mail theft, andpimping (Bugliosi 192-193). There, h e became involved with a cult called Scientology(195). Scientology was founded by L. Ron Hubbard (?Cult? par. 45). It teaches that eachhuman has a soul called a ?thetan.? Scientologists believe that, many years ago, the thetanwas ?god-like? and that people fell from divinity and forgot their origins. People werethen trapped on Earth in ?delusions of mortality (?Scientology? par. 12).? Hubbardclaimed that he had found the spiritual way to finding the true way to man. He said thatone must work through many levels of self knowledge and knowledge of past lives to?awaken the primordial deity? until divinity is once again achieved (?Cult? par. 45). The highest level of awareness in Scientology is called ?theta clear.? Mansonclaims to have reached theta clear while in prison. He supposedly achieved this throughmany ?auditing sessions,? the method that Scientologists use to teach awareness, taughtby his cell mate, Lanier Rayner (Bugliosi 195-196). Most likely, he picked up many of hismethod s of mind control from these sessions, along with ideas such as karma andreincarnation (635). The Process Church of the Final Judgment, labeled a Satanist cult by the media,was founded in 1963 by Robert DeGrimston, a former Scientologist. The basis of thisreligion was the book of Matthew of the New Testament, and it began as a mixture ofZoroastrianism and Scientology. The name ?The Process? refers to the ?changesnecessary to avoid the end of the world with its associated judgment.? Processeansworship Jehovah, Lucifer, and Satan (?Process? par.17). Even though The Process fervently denies that Charles Manson was ever amember, many ideas from his philosophy parallel Process concepts. Both Manson andThe Process taught of a violent and unavoidable Armageddon in which all but the fewchosen ones would be destroyed, and both thought that motorcycle gangs would be the?troops of the last days.? One Process pamphlet described the second coming of Christas: ? ?Through Love, Christ and Satan ha ve destroyed their enmity and come together forthe End: Christ to Judge, Satan to execute the Judgment. ? Manson believed that, whenChrist returned, it would be the establishment that ?went up on the cross (Bugliosi 637).? Manson and The Process shared ideas on fear also; they preached that fear was the samething as awareness, and that the more fear one had, the more awareness and thereforemore love one had (320). There were so many similarities between Mansons philosophyand The Process that even if he was never a member, The Process must have been a greatinfluence on Charles Manson (638-639). A great many other ideas of Mansons came from the Beatles and the Bible. Thismay seem like an odd pair, but they fit together surprisingly well in Mansons mind. Manson had his own unique interpretations of almost every verse from Revelations 9. Hebelieved that the Beatles were the four angels spoken of in the Bible. When the Bibledescribes locusts emerging from the bottomless pit, he saw it as another reference to theEnglish rockers because locust and ?beetles? were one and the same. The locusts aredescribed as having the faces of men and the hair of women, which only reinforced hisopinion (Bugliosi 322-323). In Verse 15 of Revelations 9, the Bible says, ?So the fourangels were released; this was precisely the hour, the day, the month, and the year forwhich they had been prepared to kill a third of mankind.? Manson preached that the thirdpart of mankind was the white race that would die in Helter Skelter (Bugliosi 323). HelterSkelter was the name that Manson had given the race war between the whites and theblacks. He believed that the blacks would win but would be unable to govern and then beforced to turn to the Manson Family for leadership (Bugliosi 329-331). Manson believedthat the Beatles song of the same name was a prediction of this race war (?CharlesManson?). He would often quote whole Beatles songs and Revelations 9 to support hisviews (Bugliosi 300). Manson beli eved that the Beatles were spokesmen contacting himdirectly through their songs. He claimed that the White Album set things up for therevolution and that his album (to be released later) would ?really start things off(324-325).? Charles Manson had an uncanny ability to sense and use a persons hangups ordesires (Bugliosi 317). He prayed on young men and women who were vulnerable andlooking for any sense of love or belonging. Many of the members of the Family wereyoung females who had traveled to California in search of God or happiness (343). Heeven attracted a few men with LSD trips to ?open the mind (317).? What they found wasa man who would convince them of what they desperately wanted to believe: that theywere attractive and desirable, and that he was God. As he pulled in followers, Mansonbegan to preach his philosophy. He claimed to be a reincarnation of Jesus Christ and wasknown as both God and Satan. He taught that the United States was on the brink of ablack/white racial war called Helter Skelter. Manson believed that the blacks would beincapable of governing after being the inferior race for so long and would turn to theFamily for leadership (?Family? 2). He promised his followers that they would soonretreat into the desert to the Bottomless Pit, another concept shared with The Process,where they would live in comfort until they numbered 144,000 (Bugliosi 313). Then, theywould return to the upper world where they would rule (333). When Mansons followersnumbered twenty or thirty and Helter Skelter had still not begun, he decided to start thespark that would light the fire. The members of the Family had already proven that they were willing to kill andrisk their own lives for him, so Manson ordered the Tate-LaBianca murders. The intent ofthese murders was to cause Helter Skelter; they were supposed to appear as though blackshad committed them. For this purpose, the words ?DEATH TO PIGS? were written onthe living room wall at the LaBianca residence, and ? HEALTER SKELTER ? wasprinted on their refrigerator, both in the blood of the victims. The word ?PIG? wasprinted on the bottom half of the front door at 10050 Cielo Drive in Sharon Tates ownblood (Bugliosi 331-332). After Manson and the Family members who were involved in the Tate-LaBiancamurders were arrested, he continued to reveal his ultimate control over them. SusanAtkins, who was involved in both murders, agreed to testify for the Grand Jury in returnfor immunity. After the criminal trial started, however, and she had one meeting withManson, she repudiated her statement and was once again charged with first degreemurder (?Family? 11). Mansons followers who were not arrested held a vigil outside theHall of Justice everyday throughout the trials (?Charles Manson?). During the courtproceedings, when Manson refused to face the judge, the other three defendants did thesame (Fillmer 10). When he carved an X in his forehead, they mimicked him again. Andwhen he changed that X to a swas tika, they followed (?Family? 11). The defendantsrepeated all of Mansons outbursts in court in a ?chant-like manner (Fillmer 10).? Vincent Bugliosi says of the Family members in his book Helter Skelter, ?Theywere also young, naive, eager to believe, and, perhaps even more important, belong. There were followers aplenty for any self-styled guru. It didnt take Manson long to sensethis. In the underground milieu into which hed stumbled, even the fact that he was anex-convict conferred to a certain status. Rapping a line of metaphysical con that borrowedas much from pimping as joint jargon and Scientology, Manson began attracting followers,almost all girls at first, then a few young boys (222).? Manson used the peopleseagerness to implant his philosophy deep into their impressionable young minds. Hetaught that he was the fifth angel of the Apocalypse, the one that held the key to theBottomless Pit. What Charles Manson didnt teach his followers was that the translationof the angels name Abbadon in Hebrew and Apollyon in Greek is ?destroyer.? BibliographyBugliosi, Vincent. Helter Skelter: The True Story of the Manson Murders. New York: Bantam Books, 1975. 7, 54-56, 196, 222, 300, 317, 320, 322, 323, 325, 635, 637-638. ?Charles Manson.? n.d. Online. AltaVista. Dec. 1997. Available AltaVista://www-scf.usc.edu/~kmho/O0OO0O00IllIlIIl/mansonbio.html ?The Church of Scientology.? n.d. Online. AltaVista. Sept. 1997. AvailableAltaVista: //www.webzonecom.com/ccn/cults/scien-05.txt ?Cult Catalog of the ?Other Jesus.? n.d. Online. AltaVista. Sept. 1997. .ub5aab7edc719037fb53ba9f36cfc7b32 , .ub5aab7edc719037fb53ba9f36cfc7b32 .postImageUrl , .ub5aab7edc719037fb53ba9f36cfc7b32 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub5aab7edc719037fb53ba9f36cfc7b32 , .ub5aab7edc719037fb53ba9f36cfc7b32:hover , .ub5aab7edc719037fb53ba9f36cfc7b32:visited , .ub5aab7edc719037fb53ba9f36cfc7b32:active { border:0!important; } .ub5aab7edc719037fb53ba9f36cfc7b32 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub5aab7edc719037fb53ba9f36cfc7b32 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub5aab7edc719037fb53ba9f36cfc7b32:active , .ub5aab7edc719037fb53ba9f36cfc7b32:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub5aab7edc719037fb53ba9f36cfc7b32 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub5aab7edc719037fb53ba9f36cfc7b32 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub5aab7edc719037fb53ba9f36cfc7b32 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub5aab7edc719037fb53ba9f36cfc7b32 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub5aab7edc719037fb53ba9f36cfc7b32:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub5aab7edc719037fb53ba9f36cfc7b32 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub5aab7edc719037fb53ba9f36cfc7b32 .ub5aab7edc719037fb53ba9f36cfc7b32-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub5aab7edc719037fb53ba9f36cfc7b32:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Imagine what it would be like to live or work on a Essay Available AltaVista: //www.webzonecom.com/ccn/cults/fal10.txt Fillmer, Deborah K. ?Forensic Science and the Charles Manson Murders.? 26 Apr. 1996. Online. AltaVista. Oct. 1997. Available AltaVista: //www.cris.com/~dfillmer/Manson.html ?Manson Family Murders 1969-1971.? n.d. Online. AltaVista. 4 Dec 1997. AvailableAltaVista: //www.umi.com/hp/Support/K12/Great Events/Manson.html The New American Bible. Saint Joseph Edition. New York: Catholic Book PublishingCo., 1970. ?The Process Church of the Final Judgment.? n.d. Online. AltaVista. Dec. 1997. Available AltaVista: //limestone.kosone.com/people/ocrt/process.html Watson, Charles. ?helter skelter.? 10 Jan. 1998. Online. AltaVista. 11 Jan. 1998. Available AltaVista: //www.aboundinglove.org/helter.htm